Background

  • [1]Rabah, Hussein, and Ali Rabah. “Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): What We Need to Know.” Cureus vol. 14,7 e26735. 11 Jul. 2022, doi:10.7759/cureus.26735
  • [2]INTENSIVE. “The History of ECMO.” INTENSIVE, 4 Aug. 2021, intensiveblog.com/the-history-of-ecmo/#:~:text=1930s%20%2D1940s%3A%20The%20conception%20f. Accessed 1 Oct. 2023.
  • [3] Arachchillage DJ, Rajakaruna I, Scott I, Gaspar M, Odho Z, Banya W, Vlachou A, Isgro G, Cagova L, Wade J, Fleming L, Laffan M, Szydlo R, Ledot S, Jooste R, Vuylsteke A, Yusuff H. Impact of major bleeding and thrombosis on 180-day survival in patients with severe COVID-19 supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United Kingdom: a multicentre observational study. Br J Haematol. 2022 Feb;196(3):566-576. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17870. Epub 2021 Oct 7. PMID: 34622443; PMCID: PMC8653259.
  • [4] Nunez, J.I., Gosling, A.F., O’Gara, B. et al. Bleeding and thrombotic events in adults supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an ELSO registry analysis. Intensive Care Med 48, 213–224 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-021-06593-x
  • [5] Image source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16911-deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt

Current Treatments

  • [6] Bounds, Emily J, and Stephanie J Kok. “D Dimer.” National Library of Medicine, 10 July 2023, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431064/.
  • [7]Zeibi Shirejini, Saeedreza, et al. “Current and future strategies to monitor and manage coagulation in ECMO patients.” Thrombosis Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-023-00452-z.
  • [8] Sheldon G. Sheps, M.D. “Doppler Ultrasound: What Is It Used For?” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 31 Dec. 2019, www.mayoclinic.org/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/faq-20058452.
  • [9]“Doppler Ultrasound: Medlineplus Medical Test.” MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/. Accessed 3 Dec. 2023.
  • [10] professional, Cleveland Clinic medical. “Doppler Ultrasound: What Is It, Purpose and Procedure Details.” Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22715-doppler-ultrasound. Accessed 3 Dec. 2023.

Design Criteria

  • [11]Zeibi Shirejini, Saeedreza, et al. “Current and future strategies to monitor and manage coagulation in ECMO patients.” Thrombosis Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-023-00452-z.
  • [12]Kumar G, Maskey A. Anticoagulation in ECMO patients: an overview. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Apr;37(Suppl 2):241-247. doi: 10.1007/s12055-021-01176-3. Epub 2021 Mar 23. PMID: 33967447; PMCID: PMC8062644.
  • [13]Chlebowski, M.M., Baltagi, S., Carlson, M. et al. Clinical controversies in anticoagulation monitoring and antithrombin supplementation for ECMO. Crit Care 24, 19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2726-9
  • [14]Tung Phi Nguyen, Xuan Thi Phan, Dai Quang Huynh, Ha Thi Viet Truong, Yen Nguyen Hai Le, Tuan Manh Nguyen, Quan Quoc Minh Du, Thao Phuong Le, Hai Ngoc Truong, Thi Thi Ho, Thao Thi Ngoc Pham, “Monitoring Unfractionated Heparin in Adult Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): ACT, APTT, or ANTI-XA?”, Critical Care Research and Practice, vol. 2021, Article ID 5579936, 7 pages, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5579936
  • [15]Lee, S., Chaturvedi, A. Imaging adults on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Insights Imaging 5, 731–742 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-014-0357-x
  • [16]https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coagulation-disorders#:~:text=Coagulations%20disorders%20are%20conditions%20that,thrombosis%20are%20all%20coagulations%20disorders
  • [17] https://www.testing.com/tests/partial-thromboplastin-time-ptt-aptt/