• Some steps in the process such as measuring vitals takes over 30 seconds (Chadha, 2010)
  • Pulse oximetry (PO) or electrocardiography (ECG) can measure heart rate more precise, but exceeded 1–2 min. (Anton, 2019)
  • Other solutions are inaccurate (ex. Stethoscopes rely on the doctor who is a human)
  • Can be difficult to parse out external sounds and noises(babies’ crying) in order to hear the very quiet infant heart rate
  • Sticky pads are inconvenient for both medical professionals and infants