The Causes of Hematomas:

What are Hematomas?

  • Hematomas are blood leaks from the blood vessels due to surface damage. (1)

How do they form?

  • After the implantation of a pacemaker, the surgery leaves an open wound which are highly prone to various infections. (1)

What are the consequences of Hematomas?

  • Discolorations such as purplish bruises appear on infected areas underneath the skin. (1)
  • They are accompanied by discomfort, increased risk of infection, and may lead to surgery and hospital stays (1)

Images: 

 Small Pocket Hematoma                            Sensi, Francesco De, et al. “Pocket Hematoma: A Call for Definition.” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 11 June 2015, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pace.12665.
        Medium Pocket Hematoma                     Sensi, Francesco De, et al. “Pocket Hematoma: A Call for Definition.” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 11 June 2015, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pace.12665.
Large Pocket Hematoma                     Sensi, Francesco De, et al. “Pocket Hematoma: A Call for Definition.” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 11 June 2015, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pace.12665.

 

  • (1)Kanuri, S. H., Elbey, M. A., Atkins, D., Jeffery, C., Della Roca, D. G., Kodwani, N., Natale, A., Gopinathannair, R., Mahapatra, S., & Lakkireddy, D. (2020, December). Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Pocket Hematomas During CIED Implantation: Pocket Management Systems and Other Adjuvant Interventions. Hmpgloballearningnetwork.com. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/eplab/prevention-and-treatment-strategies-pocket-hematomas-during-cied-implantation-pocket-management-systems-and-other-adjuvant-interventions

The Effects of Hematomas:

Pocket Hematomas: Formation of Hematomas at an implantable pacemaker/defibrillator site.

  • Increased risk of mortality due to the high infection rate of an open wound (1)
  • Pocket Hematomas can cause increased risk of mortality (1)
  • Financially, it can extend hospital stay and increase the cost of care (1)

Images:

Pocket Hematoma Complications                                    Gugu, Kabayadondo Maidei, and de Meester Antoine. “Early Complications after Pacemaker Implantations.” IntechOpen, IntechOpen, 6 Sept. 2011, www.intechopen.com/chapters/19403.

 

Citations:

  • (1)Kanuri, S. H., Elbey, M. A., Atkins, D., Jeffery, C., Della Roca, D. G., Kodwani, N., Natale, A., Gopinathannair, R., Mahapatra, S., & Lakkireddy, D. (2020, December). Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Pocket Hematomas During CIED Implantation: Pocket Management Systems and Other Adjuvant Interventions. Hmpgloballearningnetwork.com. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/eplab/prevention-and-treatment-strategies-pocket-hematomas-during-cied-implantation-pocket-management-systems-and-other-adjuvant-interventions