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[2] Manaker, Scott, MD, PHD. “Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in Adults.” UpToDate, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/extracorporeal-membrane-oxygenation-ecmo-in-adults.

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[4] Olson SR, Murphree CR, Zonies D, Meyer AD, Mccarty OJT, Deloughery TG, Shatzel JJ. Thrombosis and Bleeding in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Without Anticoagulation: A Systematic Review. ASAIO J. 2021 Mar 1;67(3):290-296. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001230. PMID: 33627603; PMCID: PMC8623470.

[5] “Is Ecmo a Cure?” UCLA Health System, https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/heart/ecmo/understanding-ecmo/ecmo-cure. 

[6] Chlebowski, M.M., Baltagi, S., Carlson, M. et al. Clinical controversies in anticoagulation monitoring and antithrombin supplementation for ECMO. Crit Care 24, 19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2726-9.

[7] Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022, April 19). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ecmo/about/pac-20484615

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[9] Chegondi, Madhuradhar, et al. “Management of Anticoagulation during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children.” MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 11 July 2022, https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7503/14/3/39/htm. 

[10] Herbst D, Najm HK, Jha KN. Long-term extracorporeal circulation management: the role of low- and high-range heparin ACT tests. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2008 Dec;40(4):271-4. PMID: 19192757; PMCID: PMC4680717.

[11] “Default – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health.” Activated Partial Thromboplastin Clotting Time, https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=activated-partial-thromboplastin-clotting-time-167-aptt.

[7] Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022, April 19). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ecmo/about/pac-20484615

[8] Chlebowski, Meghan M., et al. “Clinical Controversies in Anticoagulation Monitoring and Antithrombin Supplementation for ECMO – Critical Care.” BioMed Central, BioMed Central, 20 Jan. 2020, https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-020-2726-9#:~:text=During%20extracorporeal%20membrane%20oxygenation%20(ECMO)%2C%20anticoagulation%20is%20required%20to,1000-%20to%202000-fold. 

[9]https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fundefined.photos%2Fphoto-gallery%2Fwhat-is-activated-clotting-time-test&psig=AOvVaw0HB5e7IHi4co6LpvGT8BJP&ust=1664303276235000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCOjOooWLs_oCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAO

[10] Herbst D, Najm HK, Jha KN. Long-term extracorporeal circulation management: the role of low- and high-range heparin ACT tests. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2008 Dec;40(4):271-4. PMID: 19192757; PMCID: PMC4680717.

[11] “Default – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health.” Activated Partial Thromboplastin Clotting Time, https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=activated-partial-thromboplastin-clotting-time-167-aptt. 

[12] “Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT, Aptt).” Labcorp, https://www.labcorp.com/help/patient-test-info/partial-thromboplastin-time-ptt-aptt#:~:text=The%20partial%20thromboplastin%20time%20. 

[13] “APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) Test: Procedure, Purpose, Results, Normal Values, Cost, Price, Online Booking.” MyUpchar, https://www.myupchar.com/en/test/activated-partial-thromboplastin-time-test. 

[14] Choc, Michele. “How Ecmo Can Save a Child’s Life – Choc – Children’s Health.” CHOC, 24 Dec. 2021, https://health.choc.org/ecmo-can-save-childs-life/. 

[15]Smith, Yolanda. “Thrombosis Prevention.” News, 27 Apr. 2021, https://www.news-medical.net/health/Thrombosis-Prevention.aspx.