Motor attached to external pipes must:

• Minimize the use of heparin, the leading cause of bleeding in the body and the main reason for strokes, seizures, and hemorrhages.
• Efficiently and cost-effectively break up blood clusters
  • $15,323.49 Per course of Heparin (average course is 22 per treatment)

Limitations:

• Size and weight of the motor
• Maximum Ultrasonic Vortex emission
• Speed of motor
• Stress resistance
• Overall strength and durability

• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 
  • Plasma based test which measures how long it takes for the blood to clot after substances are added to the body. [12]
  • Used to test effect of heparin on clotting time. [12]
• Limitations:

• • Sample size necessary for plasma test. [11]
  • Results might be affected by certain medicines, including heparin and warfarin (Coumadin). [11]
  • Results can vary depending on blood plasma deficiency in patients. [11]