• Venous thromboembolism(VTE) is a condition that forms when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, breaks off and circulates to the lungs where it causes a blockage[9]
• VTE has been found to occur for the first time in 71 to 117 people per 100,000 each year in the United States.[10]
  • The study was done on a largely caucasian sample population[10]
    • Race was found to have a significant effect on the incidence rate[10]
  • There was an observed exponential increase in first time VTE incidence rate with age[10]
  • A similar incidence rate was observed for both men and women[10]
  • The effect seasons was unclear as some studies found it to have an effect while other did not[10]
• About 24% ECMO mortality rate vs 50% non-ECMO mortality rate [11]
• 10% of patients experienced a major thromboembolic event and 25% experienced a major bleeding event [12]
• 80% of ECMO patients that experience an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) die within one month of the ICH [13]

 

Sources

[9]: “What Is Venous Thromboembolism?” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Feb. 2020, www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/facts.html.

[10]: White R. H. (2003). The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation, 107(23 Suppl 1), I4–I8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66

[11] Noah MA, Peek GJ, Finney SJ, et al. Referral to an Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Center and Mortality Among Patients With Severe 2009 Influenza A(H1N1). JAMA. 2011;306(15):1659–1668. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1471

[12]Sy, E., Anticoagulation practices and the prevalence of major bleeding, thromboembolic events, and mortality in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. . Journal of Critical Care, 2017: p. 87-96.

[13]Fletcher-Sandersjoo, A., et al., Predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an observational cohort study. J Intensive Care, 2017. 5: p. 27.