Organic farming is defined as the system of production that does not use pesticide  or synthetic fertilizers, livestock feed additives and growth regulator. To the paramount extent, flexible organic farming system relies upon crop residues, green manure, pest weeds, crop rotations, off- farm organic wastes, legumes, aspects of biological pest control insects, animal manures, and etc.

Methods of organic farming are used widely in developing countries, majorly because of economics and a fewer resources of chemicals. Yet they are emerging as widely approved concepts in the developed countries as a result of factory conditions.

Current Farming Process

The technology of Green revolution, especially in India, has led to multi-fold aggrandizing in the production of food grains, but, simultaneously it has asked for demands on farm power, water, and fertilizer. The intensive cropping effect has shown results through deteriorating of the tilth of the soil and decreasing content of organic matter. Apart from this, high levels of chemical usage results in deterioration of soil health and fertility. Also, the rising use of agro-chemical is constantly resulting in water pollution and deterioration in healthy atmospheric conditions. It has affected the production of crops and degraded human health as well.

Some Important Problems are:

• Degradation of soil
• Degradation of fertility of the soil
• Environmental and water pollution
• Problems with water management like:
  • Brackish ground water
  • Flooding and Run off
  • Salinization
  • Efficiency in low irrigation

Why is Organic Farming not Widely Adopted?

• Affordable chemicals and less usage
• Lack of immediate effects
• Organic inputs are required in large quintiles
• Difficulty in obtaining organic fertilizer
• Organically grown produce has unorganized markets
• No preference is yet established to consume organic foods
• Economic loss to change
• There is no evidence in cost-benefit ratio
• Government efforts to propagate
• Scarcity in scientific research

Types of Organic Farming

Pure Organic Farming

This does not include the use of biological pest control methods and inorganic manures. The entire requirement of NPK is to be provided in the form of organic elements like either as farm or the town compost or even the green manure. Organic manure is required in large quantities. But, huge potential of organic resources continues to remain untapped across the country. Almost 250 millions tons varieties of yielding crop, 750 million tons of cow dung, hybrid and the mechanization of labor retention is needed. Still, much higher efficiency on the usage of all of these inputs is attained to minimize the damages on the environment, as well as human health.

Integrated Farming System (IFS)

It is the organic farming of low input. In this, the farmers need to depend on the crop residues, recycling agricultural wastes and local resources, as well as the ecological process.

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